About Dr. Polikanov's Research

Our research is focused on elucidating the structure and functions of the ribosome, understanding the basic principles of protein synthesis in bacteria, the modes of action of ribosome-targeting antibiotics, and mechanisms of drug resistance at a structural level. While the general process of protein synthesis is relatively well understood, several fundamental questions central to the ribosome structure, function and evolution remain obscure. Understanding these aspects of translation is greatly facilitated by the use of X-ray crystallography technique that provides a structural basis for the molecular mechanisms, by which the ribosome and associated translation factors (such as release factors) achieve their roles in protein synthesis. We use cutting-edge X-ray crystallography technique to determine atomic-resolution structures of the bacterial ribosome in functional complexes with various translation factors and ribosome-targeting antibiotics. Our structures provide the basis for the understanding of how different elements of ribosome function together at the molecular level. Importantly, using the functionally relevant ribosome complexes, such as those that contain natural tRNA substrates, we produce principally new data, highly relevant to the actual mechanism of action of an antibiotic or a translation factor.

Our new laboratory was established in 2015 when I joined the team of faculty at the Department of Biological Sciences jointly with the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). As an independent laboratory, we have already published several experimental papers, in which we have unraveled the mechanisms of action of several new antibiotics and revised the modes of action of a number of the old drugs. We found that structural models showing how various translation factors and antibiotics interact with vacant bacterial ribosomes can provide information that is incomplete or possibly even misleading, which is because the critical interactions of a factor/antibiotic and the ribosome critically depend on the presence of natural ribosomal ligands, such as mRNA and tRNAs. We started to routinely use ribosome complexes containing natural tRNAs that fortuitously led us to a significantly higher resolution of our electron density maps due to the stabilization provided by the ribosome-bound tRNA molecules. We believe that only the high-resolution structures of various translation factors bound to the functionally meaningful complexes of the ribosome can supply information essential for understanding the actual mechanisms of their action. In the course of our studies, we have generated resources and techniques, which are in high demand in other research laboratories in academia and the pharmaceutical industry.

1. Syroegin EA, Aleksandrova EV, and Polikanov YS*. (2022) Structural basis for the inability of chloramphenicol to inhibit peptide bond formation in the presence of A-site glycine. Nucleic Acids Research, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac548.
2. Syroegin EA, Flemmich L, Klepacki D, Vazquez-Laslop N, Micura R., and Polikanov YS. (2022) Structural basis for the context-specific action of the classic peptidyl transferase inhibitor chloramphenicol. Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, 29(2): 152-161. Featured preview by the journal.
3. Mitcheltree MJ, Pisipati A, Syroegin EA, Silvestre KJ, Klepacki D, Mason JD, Terwilliger DW, Testolin G, Pote AR, Wu KJY, Ladley RP, ChatmanK, Mankin AS, Polikanov YS, and Myers AG. (2021) A synthetic antibiotic class overcoming bacterial multidrug resistance. Nature, 99(40): 1-6. Featured preview by the journal.
4. Leimer N, Wu X, Imai Y, Morrissette M, Pitt N, Favre-Godal Q, Iinishi A, Jain S, Caboni M, Leus IV, Bonifay V, Niles S, Bargabos R, Ghiglieri M, Corsetti R, Krumpoch M, Fox G, Son S, Klepacki D, Polikanov YS, Freliech CA, McCarthy JE, Edmondson DG, Norris SJ, D’Onofrio A, Hu LT, Zgurskaya HI, Lewis K. (2021) A selective antibiotic for Lyme disease. Cell, 184(21): 5405-5418.
5. Balasanyants SM, Aleksandrova EV, and Polikanov YS. (2021) The role of release factors in the hydrolysis of ester bond in peptidyl-tRNA. Biochemistry (Moscow), 86(9): 1122-1127.
6. Chen CW, Pavlova JA, Lukianov DA, Tereshchenkov AG, Makarov GI, Khairullina ZZ, Tashlitsky VN, Paleskava A, Konevega AL, Bogdanov AA, Osterman IA, Sumbatyan NV, and Polikanov YS. (2021) Binding and action of triphenylphosphonium analog of chloramphenicol upon the bacterial ribosome. Antibiotics (Basel), 10(4):390.
7. Svetlov MS, Syroegin EA, Aleksandrova EV, Atkinson GC, Gregory ST, Mankin AS, and Polikanov YS. (2021) Structure of Erm-modified 70S ribosome reveals the mechanism of macrolide resistance. Nature Chemical Biology, 17(4): 412-420. Featured preview by the journal.
8. Batool Z, Lomakin IB, Polikanov YS, Bunick CG. (2020) Sarecycline interferes with tRNA accommodation and tethers mRNA to the 70S ribosome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 117(34): 20530-20537.
9. Mardirossian M, Sola R, Beckert B, Valencic E, Collis DWP, Borišek J, Armas F, Di Stasi A, Buchmann J, Syroegin EA, Polikanov YS, Magistrato A, Hilpert K, Wilson DN, and Scocchi M. (2020) Peptide inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis with broad spectrum and SbmA-independent bactericidal activity against clinical pathogens. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 63(17): 9590-9602.
10. Osterman IA, Wieland M, Maviza TP, Lashkevich KA, Lukianov DA, Komarova ES, Zakalyukina YV, Buschauer R, Shiriaev DI, Leyn SA, Zlamal JE, Biryukov MV, Skvortsov DA, Tashlitsky VN, Polshakov VI, Cheng J, Polikanov YS, Bogdanov AA, Osterman AL, Dmitriev SE, Beckmann R, Dontsova OA, Wilson DN, Sergiev PV. (2020) Tetracenomycin X inhibits translation by binding within the ribosomal exit tunnel. Nature Chemical Biology, 16(10): 1071-1077.
11. Tamman H, Van Nerom K, Takada H, Vandenberk N, Scholl D, Polikanov YS, Hofkens J, Talavera A, Hauryliuk V, Hendrix J, Garcia-Pino A. (2020) A nucleotide-switch mechanism mediates opposing catalytic activities of Rel enzymes. Nature Chemical Biology, 16(8): 834-840.
12. Pichkur EB, Paleskava A, Tereshchenkov AG, Kasatsky P, Komarova ES, Shiriaev D, Bogdanov AA, Dontsova OA, Osterman IA, Sergiev PV, PolikanovYS, Myasnikov AG, and Konevega AL. (2020) Insights into the improved macrolide inhibitory activity from the high-resolution cryo-EM structure of dirithromycin bound to the E. coli 70S ribosome. RNA Journal, 64(2): e02360-19.
13. Eyler DE, Franco MK, Batool Z, Wu MZ, Dubuke ML, Dobosz-Bartoszek M, Jones JD, Polikanov YS, Roy B, and Koutmou KS. (2019) Pseudouridinylation of mRNA coding sequences alters translation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 116(46): 23068-23074.
14. Travin DY, Watson ZL, Metelev M, Ward FR, Osterman IA, Khven IM, Khabibullina NF, Serebryakova M,  Mergaert P, Polikanov YS, Cate JHD, and Severinov K. (2019) Cryo-EM structure of ribosome-bound azole-modified peptide phazolicin rationalizes its species-specific mode of bacterial translation inhibition. Nature Communications, 10(1): 4563.
15. Khabibullina NF, Tereshchenkov AG, Komarova ES, Syroegin EA, Shiriaev DI, Paleskava A, Kartsev VG, Bogdanov AA, Konevega AL, Dontsova OA, Sergiev PV, Osterman IA, and Polikanov YS. (2019) Structure of dirithromycin bound to the bacterial ribosome suggests new ways for rational improvement of macrolides. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 63(6): e02266-18.
16. Svetlov MS, Plessa E, Chen CW, Bougas A, Krokidis MG, Dinos GP, and Polikanov YS. (2019) High-resolution crystal structures of ribosome-bound chloramphenicol and erythromycin provide the ultimate basis for their competition. RNA Journal, 25(5): 600-606.
17. Matsushita T, Sati G, Kondasinghe N, Pirrone M, Kato T, Waduge P, Kumar H, Sanchon A, Dobosz-Bartoszek M, Shcherbakov D, Juhas M, Hobbie SN, Schrepfer T, Chow CS, Polikanov YS, Schacht J, Vasella A, Böttger EC, and Crich D. (2019) Design, multigram synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of propylamycin: a semisynthetic 4,5-deoxystreptamine class aminoglycoside for the treatment of drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and other Gram-negative pathogens. Journal of American Chemical Society, 141(12): 5051-5061.
18. Juhas M, Widlake E, Teo J, Huseby DL, Tyrrell JM, Polikanov YS, Ercan O, Petersson A, Cao S, Aboklaish AF, Rominski A, Crich D, Böttger EC, Walsh TR, Hughes D, and Hobbie SN. (2019) In vitro activity of apramycin against multidrug-, carbapenem- and aminoglycoside-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 74(4): 944-952.
19. Melnikov SV, Khabibullina NF, Mairhofer E, Vargas-Rodriguez O, Reynolds NM, Micura R, Söll D, and Polikanov YS. (2019) Mechanistic insights into the slow peptide bond formation with D-amino acids in the ribosomal active site. Nucleic Acids Research, 47(4): 2089-2100.
20. Pantel L, Florin T, Dobosz-Bartoszek M, Racine E, Sarciaux M, Serri M, Houard J, Campagne JM, Marcia de Figueiredo R, Midrier C, Gaudriault S, Givaudan A, Lanois A, Forst S, Aumelas A, Cotteaux-Lautard C, Bolla JM, Vingsbo Lundberg C, Huseby DL, Hughes D, Villain-Guillot P, Mankin AS, Polikanov YS, and Gualtieri M. (2018) Odilorhabdins, antibacterial agents that cause miscoding by binding at a new ribosomal site. Molecular Cell, 70(1): 83-94. Featured preview by the journal.
21. Lin J, Zhou D, Steitz TA, Polikanov YS, and Gagnon MG. (2018) Ribosome-targeting antibiotics: Modes of action, mechanisms of resistance, and implications for drug design. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 87: 451-478.
22. Polikanov YS, Aleksashin NA, Beckert B, and Wilson DN. (2018) The mechanisms of action of ribosome-targeting peptide antibiotics. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 5: 48.
23. Tereshchenkov AG, Dobosz-Bartoszek M, Osterman IA, Marks J, Sergeeva VA, Kasatsky P, Komarova ES, Stavrianidi AA, Rodin IA, Konevega AL, Sergiev PV, Sumbatyan NV, Mankin AS, Bogdanov AA, and Polikanov YS. (2018) Binding and action of amino acid analogs of chloramphenicol upon the bacterial ribosome. Journal of Molecular Biology, 430(6): 842-852.
24. Sergiev PV, Aleksashin NA, Chugunova AA, Polikanov YS, and Dontsova OA. (2018) Structural and evolutionary insights into ribosomal RNA methylation. Nature Chemical Biology, 14(3): 226-235.
25. Metelev M, Osterman IA, Ghilarov D, Khabibullina NF, Yakimov A, Shabalin K, Utkina I, Travin DY, Komarova ES, Serebryakova M, Artamonova T, Khodorkovskii M, Konevega AL, Sergiev PV, Severinov K, and Polikanov YS. (2017) Klebsazolicin inhibits 70S ribosome by obstructing the peptide exit tunnel. Nature Chemical Biology, 13(10): 1129-1136. Featured preview by the journal.
26. Almutairi MM, Svetlov MS, Hansen DA, Khabibullina NF, Klepacki D, Kang HY, Sherman DH, Vázquez-Laslop N, Polikanov YS, and Mankin AS. (2017) Co-produced natural ketolides methymycin and pikromycin inhibit bacterial growth by preventing synthesis of a limited number of proteins. Nucleic Acids Research, 45(16): 9573-9582.
27. Osterman IA, Khabibullina NF, Komarova ES, Kasatsky P, Kartsev VG, Bogdanov AA, Dontsova OA, Konevega AL, Sergiev PV, and Polikanov YS. (2017) Madumycin II inhibits peptide bond formation by forcing the peptidyl transferase center into an inactive state. Nucleic Acids Research, 45(12): 7507-7514.
28. Karabadzhak AG, Petti LM, Barrera FN, Edwards APB, Moya-Rodríguez A, Polikanov YS, Freites JA, Tobias DJ, Engelman DM, and DiMaio D. (2017) Two transmembrane dimers of the bovine papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein clamp the PDGF β receptor in an active dimeric conformation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 114(35): E7262-7271.
29. Arenz S, Juette MF, Graf M, Nguyen F, Huter P, Polikanov YS, Blanchard SC, and Wilson DN. (2016) Structures of the orthosomycin antibiotics avilamycin and evernimicin in complex with the bacterial 70S ribosome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 113(27): 7527-7532.
30. Melnikov SV, Söll D, Steitz TA, and Polikanov YS. (2016) Insights into RNA binding by the anticancer drug cisplatin from the crystal structure of cisplatin-modified ribosome. Nucleic Acids Research, 44(10): 4978-4987.

Post-Doctoral Training, Yale University

PhD, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey and Rutgers University

MS, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia